System of control



Aug. 12, 1924. 1,504,604

L. W. CHUBB SYSTEM OF CONTROL Filed y 24. 1921 WITNESSES: Z nj vzwzcza eW/Ls arr/x7 0/7 11 Z BY 41 Patented Au 1a, 1924.

n n i r n LEWIS WARP-JINGTON Cit-TUBE, 01? EDGEVIOOD PARK, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC 8:; MANUFACTURING COI IPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

Application filed. May 24,

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEWIS W'AnmNo'roN CHUBB, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Edgewood Park, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful improve ment in Systems of Control, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to wireless telegraphy and more especially to systems of control that are employed in connection with wireless transmission systems.

One object of my invention is to provide a system of control which will maintain a substantially constant load on the source of energy during the signaling and non-signaling periods.

A further object of my invention is to provide a radio transmission system in which the frequency of the alternating component of current in the source of energy may be maintained constant in value during the signaling and non-signaling periods to obtain stable operation.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a transmitting system wherein the antenna circuit may be employed as an absorbing circuit, as well as a radiating circuit, thereby permitting the elimination of the expensive separate absorbing apparatus which has heretofore been employed.

In the operation of arc converters, it is highly desirable to maintain the amplitude and frequency of the alternating component of current through the are substantially constant in orderto permit the arc to operate at maximum efiiciency.

One system of control for accomplishing the desired result is the absorption-circuit system of control. The system of control just mentioned involves the use of an absorption circuit which may be selectively caused to absorb the energy in the antenna circuit, thereby decreasing the radiation therefrom. In the absorption-circuit system of control, as applied particularly to are generators, the signals are formed by causing the arc to oscillate either in the main antenna circuit or in an absorbing circuit, depending upon theenergy loss in the one or the other circuit being the greater.

One advantage of the last-mentioned system of control resides in the fact that the SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

1921. Serial N0. 472,055.

period of the radiating system remains constant during the signaling and non-signaling operations.

Another advantage of the absorption-circuit system is that a constant load may be maintained upon the source of energy, which, in the case of arc-converters, causes an increase in the stability and operating efficiency of the are. l

The particular disadvantage of the ab sorption-circuit system of control, as heretofore known, resides in the fact that expensive apparatus must be employed in the absorbing circuit to render it effective.

According to my invention, I provide a control system embodying the absorptioncircuit principle of operation, which permits a load of substantially constant amplitude and frequency to be maintained upon the source of energy during the signaling and non-signaling periods and which also permits the elimination of the expensive auxiliary equipment heretofore associated with absorption circuits.

The desired result is accomplished by employing a plurality of radiating antennae and providing means whereby the antenna may be operated in parallel during the signaling period, and in series, as a condenser, in an absorbing circuit, during the V non-signaling period.

A novel feature of my invention, which I wish to point out, particularly, is the disposition of the absorbing resistor. The resistor is so disposed, with respect to the antennas, that it becomes eifective as an energy-absorbing element only during the non-signaling period.

My invention may best be understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

The single figure is'a diagrammatic view of circuits and apparatus embodying my invention, as applied to wireless transmission systems.

In the drawing, I have shown a source of energy 1, energizing an are 2 through a pair of choke coils 3. The antennae system comprises an elevated conductor system 4, alter nate wires 5 and 6 of which are connected to down-leads 7 and 8, respectively, to form two independent radiating antennae 9 and 10, The down lead," ',7 is connected to a stationary contact members 17 and 18 which are connected, respectively, to the arc electrodes l l and 15 by means or conductors 19 and 20, and coacting movable contact member 21 which is electricallyconnected to the down-lead 8 and may be actuated, successively, into engagement with the stationary contact members 17 and 18. r

3 resistor A2 connects the two antennae systems, the connecting points 23 and 24 being 'equi-potential points when the antennae 9 and 10 are operating in parallel relation. The resistanceo1 resistor 22 isof such value that it is capable of placing a load upon the source of energy during the non-signaling period comparablet'o the load thereon durin the signaling period.

pon actuatingthe movable contact member 21 otthe key'16 into engagement with the stationary contact member-17, the down leadS is connected to the arc electrode 1 k to admit of the operation or the antennae 9 7 and; 10 in parallel.

Upon actuating the movable contact member 21 of the key 16 into engagement with thestationary contact member 18, the down I 8 is connected to the arc electrode 15,

of opposite polarity, to include the are 2 in an absorbing circuit which comprises the arc- 2, the mutually inductive coils l1 and 12, the down leads 7 and 8, the elevated antennae 9 and 1 0, the key 16 and the conductor. 20.

In operation, upon actuating the co-acting movablecontact member 21 into engagement with the stationary contact member 17, the antennas 9 and 10' are connected 1n parallel maximumrelation, thereby causing a amount of radiation therefrom. With the antennz'e 9 and 10 so connected, the frequency of the alternating component of current supplied to the antennae 9 and 10 is determined by theproduct L C where L is the inductance of the coils 11 and 12,

with the currents flowing through the coils in the SElIHQtlllQCtlOll, and C is the sum of the individual capacities of the antennae 9 and 10 to ground; With the antennae operating in parallel, substantially no current is carried by the resistor 22 which connects equipotential points 23 and124 of the antennae 9 and 10.

Upon actuating the co-act-ingmovable'con tact member 21 into engagement with the stationary contact member 18, the antennae 9 and 10 are connected in series and caused to function as a condenser in an absorbing circuit, as hereinbefore described. The period oii'the alternating component of en- 'ergv through the arc2 is now determined by. the product of L ,'O where L is the inductance of the coils 11 and 12 when the currents therethrough are in phase opposition, and C is the capacitance between the two antennae 9 and 10.

By reason of the fact that C is smaller than C and that L islarger than L, the products L C and L C which determine the frequency of the alternating component of current, may be maintained constant badjusting either the one or the other of the variables. For example, the variables L and L may be adjusted to the desired value by varying the mutual inductance between the coils 11 and 12. The mutual inductance ot the coils 11 and 12 may be varied by adjusting the distance between them.

iVith the key in the position just described, the resistor 22 becomes efifective as an energy-absorbing element to maintain a load upon the are substantially equal to the load thereon during the signaling period.

In the drawing, I have shown a system in which alternate wires 5 and 6 of a single large antenna have been connected to form two'separate antenna: 9 and 10. It is evident, however, that the arrangement of the antennas may be modified by further separating them and supporting them individually. Assuming the antennae 9 and 10 so separated that C equals C the mutual inductance between the coils 11 and 12 must be substantially zero in order to maintain the frequency of the alternating component of current constant during the signaling and nonsignaling periods.

Assuming another position in which the antennas are still further separated, so that. C is greater than C, the connections of one of the coils 11 or 2 must be reversed in order to maintain the product of L C and L -C equal.

From the foregoing description, it will be seen that my invention provides a system of control of unusual simplicity and case of operation which admits of the elimination of expensive apparatus heretofore necessary in wireless transmission systems employing the absorption-circuit method of control.

While I have shown only one embodiment of my invention in the appended drawing, I do not wish to be restricted threto, but I desire that only such limitations shall be imposed upon my invention as are set forth in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a wireless transmission system, a plurality of radiating antennae and means whereby said antennae may be included in an absorbing circuit.

2. In a wireless transmission system, a plurality of antennae and means whereby said antennae may be caused to function as a condenser in an absorbing circuit.

3. In a wirelss transmission system. a double antenna, a source of energy therefor and means whereby said double antenna may function as capacitance in an absorbing circuit.

4. In a wireless transmission system, a double antenna, an energy-absorbing ele ment associated therewith, a source of energy for sald double antenna and means for providing an absorbing circuit shunted around said source of energy and including said double antenna as a condenser.

5. In a wireless transmission system, an absorbing circuit comprising a source of energy, a plurality of adjacently-disposed radiating antennae, an energy-absorbing element associated therewith. and means whereby said absorbing circuit may be selectively rendered effective or non-effective to control the radiation of energy from said antennae.

6. In a wireless transmission system, an absorbing circuit comprising a source of energy, a plurality of adjacently-disposed series-connected radiating antennae, a resistor for connecting said antennae; the connecting points of said resistor having substantially equal potentials when said antennae are operating in parallel, and means whereby said absorbing circuit may be selectively rendered effective or non-effective to control the radiation of energy from said plurality of antennae.

7. In a wireless transmission system, an absorbing circuit comprising a source of energy, a plurality of adjacently-disposed series-connected radiating antennae, an energy-absorbing element electrically connecting said radiating antennae and means whereby said absorbing circuit may be selectively interrupted and said radiating antennae connected in parallel relation.

8. In a wireless transmission system, an absorbing circuit comprising a source of energy, a plurality of adjacently disposed series-connected radiating antennae, an energy-absorbing element, a power-connection between each antenna and said source of energy, each power-connection including a coil, said coils being disposed in mutually inductive relation, and means whereby said absorbing circuit may be selectively interrupted and said rediating antennae connected in parallel relation.

9. In a wirelesstransmission system, an absorbing circuit comprising a source of energy, a plurality of adjacently-disposed radiating antennae, an energy-absorbing element, a power connection between each an tenna and said source of energy, a coil in dividual to each power-connection, said coils being mutually inductive, and means included in one of said power-connections whereby said absorbing circuit may be selectively rendered effective or non-effective to control the radiation or energy from said radiating antennaev ing element electrically connecting said antennae, a down lead for said second antenna,

said second-named down lead including an inductance coil, and means whereby said second-named down lead may be successively connected to opposite terminals of said source of energy.

11. Ina wireless transmission system, an

antenna, a down lead therefor, said down lead comprising an inductance 0011, a source of energy, a ground connection therefor, a

second antenna disposed in electrostatic relation to saidfirst antenna, a down lead for said second named antenna, said last-mentioned down lead including an inductance coil disposed in mutual inductive relation to said first-named co1l, means whereby said last-named down lead may be successively connected to opposite terminals of said U source of energy whereby said antennae may be successively connected in parallel and in series relation, and an energy-absorbing element connecting said antennae, the points of connection of said element being substantially equipotential when said antennae are operating in parallel.

12. In a wireless transmission system, a plurality of antennae, a source of energy therefor, and means for electrically connecting said antennae to said source of energy, said means including a switching device for connecting one of said antennae to either the one or the other of the terminals of said source whereby said antennae may be selectively caused to operate in series as a condenser in an absorbing circuit or to operate in parallel as radiating circuits, said means including mutually inductive coils so disposed that the period of said absorbing circuit is equal to the period of said radiating circuits.

13. In a wireless transmission system, a plurality of antennas, a source of energy therefor, a resistor connecting said plurality of antennae at equipotential points, and means for electrically connecting said antennae to said source of energy, one of said means including a switching device whereby said antennae may be selectively caused to operate in series as a condenser in an absorbing circuit or to operate in parallel as radiating circuits, both of said means including mutually inductive coils so disposed that the period of said absorbing circuit is equal to the period of said radiating system with said antennae operating in parallel.

14. In a wirelesstransmission system, a radiating system colnprising plurality of antennae and an energy-absorbing element connecting said plurality of antennae at equipotential points.

15. A high frequ'ency transmission system comprising a plurality of antennas circuits, a source of high-frequency oscillationsand means for operating said antennae circuits in parallel for radiating energy and in series for absorbing energy substantially without radiation. p

16. A higl1-frequeney transmission system comprising a plurality of antennae circuits, tuning devices therefor, a source of highfrequency oscillations and means for op erating said antennae circuits in parallel for radiatlngenergy and in series for absorbingenergy substantially Without radiation, said circuits being so arranged that the frequency thereof is substantially the same for both radiating and absorbing.

17. A high-frequency transmission sys-' 'tem comprising a plurality ofantennae circuits, asourceof high-frequency oscillations therefor,ineans for operating said antennae circuits in parallelfor radiating energy and in series for absorbing energy substantially without radiation, and means whereby the load drawn by said circuits from said source is substantially constant whether energy is radiated or, absorbed.

18. A high frequency transmission system comprising a plurality of antennae circuits, a source of high-frequency oscillations therefor, connections between said source and said antennae circuits and means for changing said connections to operate said antennae circuits in parallel for radiating energy and in series for absorbing energy substantially without radiation.

19. A high frequency transmission system comprising a plurality of antennae circuits, tuning devices therefor, a source of high-frequency oscillations, connections be tween said source and said antennae circuits, means for changing saie connections to operate said antennae circuits in parallel for radiating energy and in series for absorbing energy substantially without radiation, said circuits being so arranged that the ire queue-y is substantially the same for both radiating and absorbing.

20. A high-frequency transmission system comprising a plurality of antennae circuits, a source of high-frequency oscillations therefor, connections between said source and said antennae circuits, means for conneet-ing said source to operate said antennae circuits in parallel for radiating energy and in series for absorbing energy, substantially without radiation, and means whereby the load drawn by said circuits from said source is substantially constant, whether energy is radiated or absorbed.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 18th day of May, 1921.

LEVV-IS VARRINGTON CHUBB. 

